中央研究院 生物化學研究所
AI-designed protein variants have demonstrated remarkable resistance to heat and chemical stress, yet the molecular mechanisms u…
Background: Despite therapeutic advances, atherosclerosis remains a major global health challenge. Most current treatments …
Siglec-15 regulates osteoclast differentiation. The cellular pathways contributing to the expression of Siglec-15 ligand on oste…
Free-reducing end glycans are essential tools in glycan–protein interaction studies, structural biology, and functional gl…
Membrane fusion is essential for viral entry. Unlike class I-III fusion proteins, vaccinia virus (VACV) uses a multicomponent en…
3-Deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid (Kdo) is an eight-carbon monosaccharide that, in Gram-negative bacteria, is an essential struct…
Preservation of the insulin-sensitive glomerular podocyte is imperative for normal kidney function. The protein tyrosine phospha…
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and macroautophagy/autophagy are two major pathways for maintaining cellular protein homeo…
Strand exchange is a key step in homologous recombination, enabling template-based repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Eukaryoti…
Nocardiosis is a serious infection in immunosuppressed patients, especially transplant recipients. The slow-growing phenotype of…
Light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a life-threatening systemic disorder caused by the aggregation and deposition of antibody light …
Enzymes undergo dynamic conformational changes during catalysis, yet conventional high-resolution structural methods typically c…
Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs), comprising the largest deubiquitinase family, are generally thought to have poor discrimina…
Capsular polysaccharides from a range of bacteria, notably campylobacters, possess 6-deoxy-heptose residues. Synthetic fragments…
Hydrogen is critical for reducing CO2 emissions from gas-fired power plants in the pursuit of net-zero by 2050. This study …
BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1) is a tumor suppressor protein that regulates DNA transcription through its deubiquitinase acti…
Acinetobacter baumannii is a worldwide health-threaten pathogen bacteria due to antibiotic resistant and the bacterial exopolysa…
Milk oligosaccharides are crucial for neonatal development and health in mammals. Yet most milk research focuses on humans, or o…
Epoxyquinoids are a unique class of natural products featuring an epoxide embedded within a quinone/quinol scaffold, typically a…
The BASEL phage collection was developed to provide access to diverse bacteriophages, distinct from model phages. Escherich…
Cellulosic biomass represents a promising feedstock for biofuel and biochemical production. However, its recalcitrant structure …
A formamidine intermediate generated in situ was used as the nitrogen source in a reaction with thioacids to obtain amides. The …
In this study, we successfully expressed recombinant human sialyltransferase α-N-acetylgalactosaminide α-2,6-sialylt…
We test the performance of the multiplexed liquid glycan array (LiGA) technology in serological assays. Specifically, we to det…
l-Fucose, a 6-deoxy-monosaccharide, is often incorporated into O-antigens in Rhizobia where it serves as an important marker for…
Human trophoblast stem (TS) cells differentiate into syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs) through cell-cell fusion, forming the outermost…
L-Lactate is increasingly recognized as an intercellular energy currency in mammals, but mysteries remain regarding the spatial …
Beyond the canonical K48-linked homotypic polyubiquitination for proteasome-targeted proteolysis, K11/K48-branched ubiquitin (Ub…
Ribosome stalling is a critical regulatory mechanism in protein synthesis, controlling the rate and fidelity of translation. Arr…
Self-complementing bipartite fluorescent proteins (FPs) are useful tools for the detection of protein-protein proximity and for …
Carbon fixation through the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle accounts for the majority of carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake from the …
Targeting nanocarriers to tumors to increase their therapeutic efficacy requires selection of appropriate cancer targets and may…
Heterozygosity for missense mutations in one of 3 seemingly redundant calmodulin (CALM)-encoding genes can ca -threatening arrhy…
Kidney transplantation from ABO-A2 donors into ABO-O and ABO-B recipients can alleviate inequitable transplant access created by…
Co-crystal structures of a base-excision DNA-repair enzyme (human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase; hOgg1) in complex with a photoca…
Ubiquitination and SUMOylation interactions between proteins play a critical role in various biological processes and the progre…
Recent reports highlight the efficacy of engineered mycobacteriophages to treat non-tuberculosis mycobacterial disease. Molecula…
Shaker-type potassium channel genes (Kv1) have been linked to human epilepsies, including KCNA1 (Kv1.1), KCNA2 (Kv1.2), and more…
The Streptococcus milleri group (SMG), comprising Streptococcus intermedius, anginosus, and constellatus, can asymptomatically c…
Epoxyquinoids possess multiple contiguous chiral centers and reactive functional groups, offering valuable opportunities for dru…
Homologous recombination is a key pathway for repairing DNA double-strand breaks with high fidelity. The assembly of recombinase…
Acinetobacter baumannii emerges as one of the most worrisome pathogens causing a majority of hospital-acquired infections worldw…
Exosomes play pleiotropic tumor-promoting functions and are secreted by fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the plasma m…
The rapid mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2 highlights the urgent need for continuous drug development to enhance both efficacy and sa…
L. barbarum is a Chinese herbal medicine used to treat male infertility. The aim of this study was to investigate glycogen synth…
Proper regulation of glycogen metabolism is fundamental to cellular energy homeostasis, and its disruption is associated with va…
The lateral hypothalamus is a brain region that regulates activity levels, circadian, and motivated behaviour. While disruption …
Described is the synthesis of the two tetrasaccharides (1 and 2) related to the repeating unit from the Serotype K2 capsular pol…
TAR DNA binding protein 43 kD (TDP-43) aggregation is associated with several neurodegenerative diseases and limiting TDP-43 agg…
This study describes the utility of p-acetoxybenzyl carbonate (ABC) group for the protection of hydroxyl functions. This hydroxy…
The emerging pediatric pathogen Kingella kingae elaborates a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that is extended with a galactofuranose ho…
In eukaryotic cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as crucial signaling components. ROS are potentially toxic, so constant…
The APOBEC3 family of cytidine deaminases restricts retroviruses like HIV-1 by mutating viral DNA. HIV-1 evades this restriction…
Objective: To study whether the upregulation of HtrA4 expression in extravillous trophoblasts and the downregulation of HtrA1 ex…
Urothelial carcinoma (UC), the second most prevalent cancer of the urothelial system, has demonstrated a well-developed ability …
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) inhibits caspases 3, 7, and 9, thereby preventing cell apoptosis. Endogenous Second mitoc…
Isomerization of L-aspartate (L-Asp) into D-aspartate (D-Asp) occurs naturally in proteins at a rate that is much faster than th…
The Nocardia genus represents a largely untapped source of valuable secondary metabolites, yet its biosynthetic potential, gene …
We characterized the N-glycosylation profiles of anhydrobiotic tardigrades, R. varieornatus and H. exemplaris, identifying high-…
Mycobacteriophage Bxb1 is a well-characterized virus of Mycobacterium smegmatis with double-stranded DNA and a long, flexible ta…
To avoid off-target effects, targeted cancer therapy offers a feasible alternative to traditional cancer therapies such as chemo…
Animal-like cryptochromes are photoreceptors that control circadian rhythm and signaling in many eukaryotes. Transient photoredu…
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a master transcriptional regulator of systemic insulin sensitivity and e…
Photolyases repair UV damage to DNA by using absorbed blue light. Within the photolyase/cryptochrome superfamily (PCSf), a major…
The global challenge of tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is compounded by the emergence of drug-resista…
Tuberculosis (TB), a leading ca death among infectious diseases globally, is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The pat…
Single-particle analysis by Cryo-electron microscopy (CryoEM) provides direct access to the conformations of macromolecules. Tra…
Human inflammation-related CC chemokine ligand 5 (hCCL5) has significant self-assembly property under physiological conditions. …
Bacteriophages offer a promising alternative to drug-based treatments due to their effectiveness and host specificity. This is p…
L-Lactate, once considered a metabolic waste product of glycolysis, is now recognized as a vitally important metabolite and sign…
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are multifunctional biomolecules crucial for infant health, with established roles in immune …
CD22 (also known as Siglec-2) is a member of the Siglec family of glycan-recognition proteins and functions as a negative regula…
The bifunctional l-fucokinase/GDP-β-l-fucose pyrophosphorylase (FKP) from Bacteroides fragilis catalyzes the conversion from l-f…
In this study, the role of phosphorylation in the liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of tau, the underlying driving forces, a…
During meiosis, programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are formed at hotspots to initiate homologous recombination, which is…
The autophagy-lysosomal system comprises a highly dynamic and interconnected vesicular network that plays a central role in main…
Lon is a conserved AAA+ (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) proteolytic machine that plays a key regulatory ro…
Both immunoglobulin light-chain (LC) amyloidosis (AL) and multiple myeloma (MM) share the overproduction of a clonal LC. However…
Light chain (AL) amyloidosis is the most common systemic amyloid disease characterized by abnormal accumulation of amyloid fibri…
Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) is the earliest CoV found to infect humans. It binds to the human aminopeptidase N (hAPN) thr…
Carbohydrate sulfation plays a pivotal role in modulating the strength of Siglec-glycan interactions. Recently, new aspects of S…
Colon cancer development may be initiated by multiple factors, including chronic inflammation, genetic disposition, and gut dysb…
Cell division in Escherichia coli is intricately regulated by the MinD and MinE proteins, which form oscillatory waves between c…
Background: Rho GTPases are essential regulators for cellular movement and intracellular membrane trafficking. Their enzymatic a…
A class of tetrahydropyrazino`2,1-a:5,4-a′`diisoquinoline derivatives were synthesized under environmentally friendly conditions…
In the present work, bacterial glycosyltransferases are utilized to construct ganglioside glycans in a convergent approach via a…
Free oligosaccharides in human milk have many biological functions for infant health. The reducing end of most human milk oligos…
Capsules are long-chain carbohydrate polymers that envelop the surfaces of many bacteria, protecting them from host immune respo…
Poxviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses that represent the largest known highly pathogenic viruses infecting humans. They und…
Potassium ion (K+) is the most abundant metal ion in cells and plays an indispensable role in practically all biological systems…
Cancer cells with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) exhibit a distinctive vulnerability to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase i…
Histidine modifications of proteins are broadly based on chemical methods triggering N-substitution reactions such as aza-Michae…
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are important posttranslational modifying enzymes in eukaryotic proteins and regulat…
Shrimp acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is one of the most devastating diseases to impact the global shrimp farmi…
Protein A075L is a β-xylosyltransferase that participates in producing the core of the N-glycans found in VP54, the major viral …
Interhomolog recombination in meiosis requires a meiosis-specific recombinase, Dmc1. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the Mei5-Sae3 …
Homologous recombination during meiosis is critical for chromosome segregation and also gives rise to genetic diversity. Genetic…
Initial studies on the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-2) S glycoprotein ("spike") as a protein subunit vaccine suggested sub-…
Synthesis of Galβ1 → 3GlcNAc-repeating saccharides is limited mainly by the formation of less-reactive oxazolines. We herein rep…
As methanol can be derived from either CO2 or methane, methanol economy can play an important role in combating climate change. …
Helicobacter pylori, a dominant member of the gastric microbiota was associated with various gastrointestinal diseases and prese…
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) belong to the most diverse group of membrane receptors with a conserved structure of seven t…
Here, we present a protocol for the in vitro phosphorylation of Src kinase domain (SrcKD), preparation of phospho-SrcKD in compl…
Knotted proteins are present in nature, but there is still an open issue regarding the existence of a universal role for these r…
The IL6-GP130-STAT3 pathway facilitates lung cancer progression and resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Although glycosyla…
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling is critical for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and colorectal cancer (CRC)…
During neuronal pruning, phagocytes engulf shed cellular debris to avoid inflammation and maintain tissue homeostasis. How phago…
Eukaryotic ribosomal proteins contain extended regions essential for translation coordination. Dedicated chaperones stabilize th…
The bacterial genus Salmonella includes diverse isolates with multiple variations in the structure of the main polysaccharide co…
A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged as a global pandemic disaster and a r…
The fucosylation of glycoproteins regulates diverse physiological processes. Inhibitors that can control cellular levels of prot…
Klebsiella pneumoniae provides influential prototypes for lipopolysaccharide O antigen (OPS) biosynthesis in Gram-negative bacte…
Peptidoglycan (PG) sacculi surround the cytoplasmic membrane, maintaining cell integrity by withstanding internal turgor pressur…
Nucleoid-associated proteins play a crucial role in the compaction and regulation of genetic material across organisms. The Sac1…
A de novo asymmetric strategy for the synthesis of d-bradyrhizose diastereomers from an achiral ketoenolester precursor is descr…
The causative pathogen of COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), utilizes the receptor-binding …
Ovarian carcinoma is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage with peritoneal dissemination and/or lymph node metastasis, and the …
Prions, the misfolding form of prion proteins, are contagious proteinaceous macromolecules. Recent studies have shown that infec…
Visualizing liposome release profiles in small animals is important for evaluating the pharmacokinetic influence of vesicles. En…
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a leading factor of liver-related death worldwide. ALD has various manifestations that…
Since its emergence, SARS-CoV-2 has been continuously evolving, hampering the effectiveness of current vaccines against COVID-19…
Cell surface glycans are major drivers of antigenic diversity in bacteria. The biochemistry and molecular biology underpinning t…
We report the discovery and biosynthesis of new piperazine alkaloids-arizonamides, and their derived compounds-arizolidines, fea…
Formation of programmed DNA double-strand breaks is essential for initiating meiotic recombination. Genetic studies on Arabidops…
The K+ uptake system KtrAB is essential for bacterial survival in low K+ environments. The activity of KtrAB is regulated by nuc…
Arsenite-induced stress granule (SG) formation can be cleared by the ubiquitin-proteasome system aided by the ATP-dependent unfo…
Background: Helicobacter pylori, the main ca various gastric diseases, infects approximately half of the human population. This …
Mycobacterium abscessus is increasingly recognized as the causative agent of chronic pulmonary infections in humans. One of the …
The Lon proteases are evolutionarily conserved oligomeric hydrolases characterized by a built-in ATPase module. Here, we report …
Viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), a highly conserved molecule in RNA viruses, has recently emerged as a promising drug …
Deinagkistrodon acutus is a medically important pitviper inhabiting mainly South China and Taiwan. The hemorrhagic effects of it…
The pharmacological chaperones (PCs) to stabilize specific enzymes and impart a therapeutic benefit is an emerging strategy in …
Keratan sulfate glycosaminoglycan is composed of repeating N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) disaccharide units consisting of galacto…
K2-capsular Klebsiella pneumoniae is a hypervirulent pathogen that causes fatal infections. Here, we describe a phage tailspike …
Pseudaminic acid (Pse) on pathogenic bacteria exopolysaccharide engages with the sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectin …
Most membrane proteins are modified by covalent addition of complex sugars through N- and O-glycosylation. Unlike proteins, glyc…
The theories for substrate recognition in enzyme catalysis have evolved from lock-key to induced fit, then conformational select…
Hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9ORF72 (C9) is the most prevalent mutation among amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patient…
A mutant of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) detected in early-onset neurodegenerative patients, UCHL1R178Q, showed hig…
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) assembles into a contractile nanomachine to inject effectors across bacterial membranes for …
Knotted proteins are fascinating to biophysicists beca their robust ability to fold into intricately defined three-dimensional s…
Campylobacters are important causes of gastrointestinal illness and the capsular polysaccharides (CPS) they produce are key viru…
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays important roles in multiple cellular events, including growth, differentiation…
Hirudins, natural sulfo(glyco)proteins, are clinical anticoagulants that directly inhibit thrombin, a key coagulation factor. Th…
The canine anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody is a potential therapeutic option for treating canine arthritis. The current treatment…
Genome integrity is threatened by solar ultraviolet (UV) light, which reacts with adjacent DNA pyrimidine bases to produce undes…
Glomerular podocytes are instrumental for the barrier function of the kidney, and podocyte injury contributes to proteinuria and…
Proteins can spontaneously tie a variety of intricate topological knots through twisting and threading of the polypeptide chains…
Background: Increasing evidence supports that antibodies can protect against active tuberculosis (TB) but knowledge of potential…
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon gene (STING) signaling pathway plays a critical protective role agai…
Identifying residues critical to protein-protein binding and efficient design of stable and specific protein binders are challen…
Hybrid natural products are compounds that originate from diverse biosynthetic pathways and undergo a conjugation process, which…
The T5 family of viruses are tailed bacteriophages characterized by a long non-contractile tail. The bacteriophage DT57C is clos…
The structure determination of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP): phospho-protein complexes, which is essential to understand h…
Phycobilisomes (PBS) are antenna megacomplexes that transfer energy to photosystems II and I in thylakoids. PBS likely evolved f…
Eukaryotic dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthases (DHDDSs), cis-prenyltransferases (cis-PTs) synthesizing precursors of dolichols…
Photolyases, a ubiquitous class of flavoproteins, light to repair DNA photolesions. In this work, we determined the structural …
Background/aim: PHD and RING finger domain-containing protein 1 (PHRF1) ubiquitinates TGIP (TG-interacting protein) and redistri…
Keeping replication fork stable is essential for safeguarding genome integrity; hence, its protection is highly regulated. The C…
Fork reversal is a conserved mechanism to prevent stalled replication forks from collapsing. Formation and protection of reverse…
Homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DNA repair is a prerequisite for maintaining genome stability. Cancer cells displaying HR…
Drimane-type sesquiterpenes (DTSs) are significant terpenoid natural products characterized by their unique C15 bicyclic skeleto…
Purinosomes serve as metabolons to enhance de novo purine synthesis (DNPS) efficiency through compartmentalizing DNPS enzymes du…
Many AAA+ (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) proteins function as protein or DNA remodelers by threading the …
The ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2, resulting in the emergence of new variants that are resistant to existing vaccines and ther…
A class of 1-(4-(arylethylenylcarbonyl)phenyl)-4-carboxy-2-pyrrolidinones were designed and synthesized via Michael addition, cy…
The peptidoglycan layer is a defining characteristic of bacterial cells, providing them with structural support and osmotic prot…
Translational readthrough of UGA stop codons by selenocysteine-specific tRNA (tRNASec) enables the synthesis of selenoproteins. …
A better understanding of the epitopes most relevant for antibody-mediated protection against tuberculosis (TB) remains a major …
Complete coverage of all N-glycosylation sites on the SARS-CoV2 spike protein would require the multiple proteases in addition …
PmrA, an OmpR/PhoB-family response regulator, triggers gene transcription responsible for polymyxin resistance in bacteria by re…
Once thought to be non-naturally occurring, D-amino acids (DAAs) have in recent years been revealed to play a wide range of phys…
Aberrant overexpression or activation of EGFR drives the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and acquired resistan…
Vibrio α-hemolysins (αHLs) are β-pore-forming toxins secreted by Vibrio pathogens, crucial for the facilitation of bacterial inf…
Mitochondria adapt to changing cellular environments, stress stimuli, and metabolic demands through dramatic morphological remod…
CP74 is an engineered circular permutant of a deep trefoil knotted SpoU-TrmD (SPOUT) RNA methyl transferase protein YbeA from E.…
The ab antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant microbial pathogens, presenting a pressing challenge in globa…
Membrane proteins are challenging to analyze by native mass spectrometry (MS) as their hydrophobic nature typically requires sta…
Cellular glycosylation is characterized by chemical complexity and heterogeneity, which is challenging to reproduce syntheticall…
Accumulating evidence has shown that the quality of proteins must be tightly monitored and controlled to maintain cellular prote…
We used the deep learning tool ProteinMPNN to redesign ubiquitin (Ub) as a specific and functionally stimulating/enhancing binde…
ATP-dependent RAD51 recombinases play an essential role in eukaryotic homologous recombination by catalyzing a four-step process…
PHRF1 is an E3 ligase that promotes TGF-β signaling by ubiquitinating a homeodomain repressor TG-interacting factor (TGIF). The …
The Gram-negative anaerobe, Porphyromonas gingivalis, is known to be a pathogen associated with chronic periodontitis. P. gingiv…
The intracellular phosphatase domain of the receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha (PTPRA) is known to regulate variou…
Regulation of CO2 fixation in cyanobacteria is important both for the organism and global carbon balance. Here we show that phos…
Carbapenemase and extended β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates represent a major health threat, stimulating inc…
Most rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars cannot survive under prolonged submergence. However, some O. sativa ssp. indica cultivars, su…
Great effort has been devoted to discovering the basis of A3G-Vif interaction, the key event of HIV's counteraction mechanism to…
Background: Microglia are an integral part of central nervous system, but our understanding of microglial biology is limited due…
The TFIIF-like Rpc53/Rpc37 heterodimer of RNA polymerase (pol) III is involved in various stages of transcription. The C-termina…
Trimeresurus gracilis is an endemic alpine pitviper in Taiwan with controversial phylogeny, and its venom proteome remains unkno…
TRIM28/KAP1/TIF1β is a crucial epigenetic modifier. Genetic ablation of trim28 is embryonic lethal, although RNAi-mediated knock…
Noroviruses, the major ca acute viral gastroenteritis, are known to bind to histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs), including ABH gr…
Determination of sub-100 kilodalton (kDa) structures by cryo-electron microscopy (EM) is a longstanding but not straightforward …
Activation of tumor-intrinsic innate immunity has been a major strategy for improving immunotherapy. Previously, we reported an …
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is one of the essential molecules for life. However, little is known about intracellular Pi metabolism …
The long non-coding telomeric RNA transcript TERRA, in the form of an RNA-DNA duplex, regulates telomere recombination. In a scr…
Human mitochondrial NAD(P)+-dependent malic enzyme (ME2) is well-known for its role in cell metabolism, which may be involved in…
Nearly 95% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) occurs sporadically without genetic linkage. Aging, hypertension, high cholesterol conten…
Mammalian cells can turn over peroxisomes through Stub1-mediated pexophagy. The pathway potentially permits cellular control of …
KpsC is a dual-module glycosyltransferase (GT) essential for "group 2" capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis in Escherichia coli …
Immunomodulatory Siglecs are controlled by their glycoprotein and glycolipid ligands. Siglec-glycolipid interactions are often s…
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a very large dsDNA virus. The accepted shape of the WSSV virion has been as ellipsoidal, wit…
The synthesis of the cell-wall peptidoglycan during bacterial cell division is mediated by a multiprotein machine, called the di…
Enterocloster bolteae (formerly known as Clostridium bolteae) is a gastro-intestinal pathogenic bacterium often detected in the …
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by cells to mediate intercellular communication under pathological and physiological c…
Since the discovery of protein tyrosine phosphorylation as one of the critical post-translational modifications, it has been wel…
The cDNAs encoding the Zn+2-metalloproteases (SVMPs) of Trimeresurus gracilis (abbreviated as Tgc), a pitviper endemic to Taiwan…
Terpenoids represent the largest structural family of natural products (NPs) and have various applications in the pharmaceutical…
Synthetic biology tools for regulating gene expression have many useful biotechnology and therapeutic applications. Most tools d…
(-)-Antrocin (1), produced by the medicinal mushroom, Antrodia cinnamomea, is a potent anti-proliferative compound. The biosynth…
The coronavirus nucleocapsid (N) protein is known to bind to nucleic acids and facilitate viral genome encapsulation. Here we re…
Acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial pathogen that can be resistant to antibiotics by rapidly modulating its anti-drug mechan…
Understanding the structural diversity of honeybee-infecting viruses is critical to maintain pollinator health and manage the sp…
Galectin-4, a member of the galectin family of animal glycan-binding proteins (GBPs), is specifically expressed in gastrointesti…
Patients with mutations of WDR4, a substrate adaptor of the CUL4 E3 ligase complex, develop cerebellar atrophy and gait phenotyp…
It is well known that insulating samples can accumulate electric charges from exposure to an electron beam. How the accumulation…
Climate change is a defining challenge of the 21st century, and this decade is a critical time for action to mitigate the worst …
We developed a versatile asymmetric strategy to synthesize different classes of sulfoglycolipids (SGLs) from Mycobacterium tuber…
Amyloidogenesis, self-propagation of protein or peptide monomers to amyloid fibrils, has been linked to incurable pathogenesis o…
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), released as byproducts of mitochondrial metabolism or as products of NADPH oxidases and other pro…
Replication fork reversal which restrains DNA replication progression is an important protective mechanism in response to replic…
Spiro`pyran-4-quinolines` were synthesized in two steps from exo-glycals. The first step involved the double additions of anilin…
Autophagy has emerged as the prime machinery for implementing organelle quality control. In the context of mitophagy, the ubiqui…
G-protein-coupled receptors signal through cognate G proteins. Despite the widespread importance of these receptors, their regul…
Three new 2-guanidinoethanesulfonyl sesquiterpene analogues of (−)-agelasidine A, agelasidines G–I (1–3), were isolated from a m…
The pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase (PylRS) facilitates the co-translational installation of the 22nd amino acid pyrrolysine. Owing t…
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a ubiquitous chaperone to interact with numerous proteins to regulate multiple cellular process…
Tissue (re)vascularization strategies face various challenges, as therapeutic cells do not survive long enough in situ, while th…
WbbB, a lipopolysaccharide O-antigen synthesis enzyme from Raoultella terrigena, contains an N-terminal glycosyltransferase doma…
Human cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) is a complex, functionally important and glycan rich biological fluid, fundamental in mediating…
Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with the development of several gastric diseases including gastric cancer. To reach …
Modulation of presynaptic actin dynamics is fundamental to synaptic growth and functional plasticity; yet the underlying molecul…
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a crucial cellular nutrient and energy sensor that maintains energy homeostasis. AMPK als…
The ATP binding sites of many enzymes are structurally related, which complicates their development as therapeutic targets. In t…
The development of a ligand-assisted imprinting probe (i.e., LIP 1) for the site-specific labeling of recombinant Siglec-7 prote…
A route for preparing lipooligosaccharide (LOS) glycans from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Canetti was developed and applied to the…
The edible fungus Tremella fuciformis was shown to have a high molecular weight (1.87 × 103 kDa) bioactive polysaccharide, denot…
SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, causing waves of the pandemic. Up to May 2022, 10 million genome sequences have accumulated, whi…
Galectin-3 (GAL3) is a β-galactoside-binding lectin expressed in CD4 T cells infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1…
Eggshell membrane (ESM), a plentiful biological waste, consists of collagen-like proteins and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) such as …
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a highly contagious swine disease caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). PED cause…
To transform cellulose from biomass into fermentable sugars for biofuel production requires efficient enzymatic degradation of c…
We report the de novo asymmetric synthesis of the 3,6-dideoxy sugars abequose, paratose, and tyvelose from 2-acetylfuran. C…
Application of B-cell receptor (BCR) pathway inhibitor ibrutinib for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a major breakthrough,…
A new 2-guanidinoethanesulfonyl sesquiterpene, cyclohexylagelasidine A (1), and a known compound (–)-agelasidine A (2), were iso…
Fibrils of the hamster prion peptide (sHaPrP, sequence 108-144) were prepared in an acidic solution, and their structure was sol…
Trichodesmium, a major diazotroph in tropical and subtropical oceans, provides a significant amount of bioavailable nitrogen in …
Naturally occurring N-glycans display much diversity in modifications, linkages, and peripheral presentation of the oligosacchar…
Prion protein is composed of a structure-unsolved N-terminal domain and a globular C-terminal domain. Under limited trypsin dige…
High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) result in oxidative stress, which damages cells and leads to the development of man…
We report the isolation and stereochemical determination of the predominant native cholesteryl 6-O-phosphatidyl α-glucoside (CPG…
N-glycans are diversified by a panel of glycosyltransferases in the Golgi, which are supposed to modify various glycoproteins in…
Background: With the continuous emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants that feature increased transmission and immune escape, ther…
Background: Metastasis and chemoresistance are major culprits of cancer mortality, but factors contributing to these processes a…
Protein/peptide aggregation-induced cell death is the culprit of many neurodegenerative diseases. Many peptide drugs were design…
TRIM28 is a scaffold protein that interacts with DNA-binding proteins and recruits corepressor complexes to ca silencing. TRIM28…
The dystrophin-glycoprotein complex connects the cytoskeleton with base membrane components such as laminin through unique O-gly…
Piperazine-derived diazabicycles are privileged structures found in natural products and synthetic chemical entities, including …
Flavin coenzymes are universally found in biological redox reactions. DNA photolyases, with their flavin chromophore (FAD), util…
Subcellular localization of the deubiquitinating enzyme BAP1 is deterministic for its tumor suppressor activity. While the monou…
Prion diseases are transmissible fatal neurodegenerative disorders spreading between humans and other mammals. The pathogenic ag…
Siglec-7 (sialic acid–binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 7) is an immune checkpoint-like glycan recognition protein on natural k…
We herein reported the first chemoenzymatic synthesis of lacto-N-hexaose (LNH) by combining chemical carbohydrate synthesis with…
Genome editing by the delivery of pre-assembled Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (Cas9 RNP) is an increasingly popular approach for cell …
Data from the World Health Organisation show that the global incidence of dengue infection has risen drastically, with an estima…
The coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has bec…
BRAC1 associated protein-1 (BAP1) is a major tumor suppressor involved in many cancers. The deubiquitinase (DUB) activity of BAP…
Bacterial polyynes are highly active natural products with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities. However, their detailed…
Background: Autophagy plays important roles in cell homeostasis and protein quality control. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have…
Most known cellulase-associated carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) are attached to the N- or C-terminus of the enzyme or are ex…
Bacterial surface polysaccharides are assembled by glycosyltransferase enzymes that typically nucleotide or polyprenyl-monophos…
Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase (EcGS) spontaneously forms a dodecamer that catalytically converts glutamate to glutamine.…
OLA1 is a P-loop ATPase, implicated in centrosome duplication through the interactions with tumor suppressors BRCA1 and BARD1. D…
Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) form a large protease family involved in a myriad of biological and pathological processes, incl…
Zebrafish is a popular research model; but its mechanism of sex determination is unclear and the sex of juvenile fish cannot be …
A one-pot strategy for functionalizing pyranoside 1,2-cis-diols with two different ester protecting groups is reported. The appr…
Wild tomatoes (Solanum peruvianum) are important genomic resources for tomato research and breeding. Development of a foreign DN…
Recent developments in the instrumentation and data analysis of synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) on biomolecules …
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is increasingly applied to study the structures and interactions of membrane protein c…
In Vaccinia virus (VACV), the prototype poxvirus, scaffold protein D13 forms a honeycomb-like lattice on the viral membrane that…
Nature Communications Editors’ Highlights - “Microbiology and infectious diseases”
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a worldwide cancer with rising annual incidence. New medications for patients with CRC ar…
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important pathogen associated with nosocomial infection and has developed increasing resistance to a…
Enzymatic synthesis that is commenced by the sugar nucleotide regeneration system (SNRS) protocol can minimize 1) the consumptio…
Biological CO2 fixation is so far the most effective means for CO2 reduction at scale and accounts for most of the CO2 fixed on …
Excessive generation and accumulation of highly reactive oxidizing molecules causes oxidative stress and oxidative damage to cel…
Bacterial cells are encased in peptidoglycan (PG), a polymer of disaccharide N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetyl-muramic a…
Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype KN2 is a carbapenem-resistant strain and leads to the health care-associated infections, such as …
Background: K1 capsular polysaccharide (CPS)-associated Klebsiella pneumoniae is the primary ca pyogenic liver abscesses (PLA) i…
An outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) first detected in Wuhan, China, has created a public health emergency all over …
Specific antibody interactions with short peptides have made epitope tagging systems a vital tool employed in virtually all fiel…
Extensive glycosylation of the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus not only shields the major…
Trimeresurus gracilis (Tgc) is endemic to Taiwan and shown to be closely related with Ovophis okinavensis by previous phylogenet…
Since 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been rapidly spreading worldwide, causing hundreds …
Single-cell proteomics can reveal cellular phenotypic heterogeneity and cell-specific functional networks underlying biological …
T-Cell Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (TCPTP, PTPN2) is a non-receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase that is ubiquitously expr…
Emerging evidence suggests that host glycans influence severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. H…
The T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP/PTPN2) targets a broad variety of substrates across different subcellular compart…
Mass spectrometry-based high-sensitivity mapping of terminal glycotopes relies on diagnostic MS2 and/or MS3 ions that can differ…
The imaging of peptidoglycan (PGN) dynamics in living bacteria facilitates the understanding of PGN biosynthesis and wall-target…
The catalog of enzymes known to catalyze the nucleophile-assisted formation of C-C bonds is extremely small, and there is presen…
Alterations of protein glycosylation are closely related with pathophysiological regulation. Due to the structural macro- and mi…
This study reports the application of expanding genetic codes in developing protein cage-based delivery systems. The evolved Met…
Background: RAD51-dependent homologous recombination (HR) is one of the most important pathways for repairing DNA double-strand …
The mechanisms that underlie the extensive phenotypic diversity in genetic disorders are poorly understood. Here, we develop a l…
The immunomodulatory family of Siglecs recognizes sialic acid-containing glycans as “self”, which is exploited in cancer for imm…
α-Dystroglycan (α-DG) is a glycoprotein specifically modified with O-mannosyl glycans bearing long polysaccharides, termed matri…
The outer surfaces of mycobacteria, including the organism that causes tuberculosis, are decorated with an array of immunomodula…
The Lon protease is the prototype of a family of proteolytic machines with adenosine triphosphatase modules built into a substra…
Replication stress causes replication fork stalling, resulting in an accumulation of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Replication pr…
Glycoproteomics is a powerful yet analytically challenging research tool. Software packages aiding the interpretation of complex…
Background: During autophagy defense against invading microbes, certain lipid types are indispensable for generating specialized…
Development of effective therapeutics for mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic is a pressing global need. Neutralizing antibodies ar…
Histone arginine methylation is a key post-translational modification that mediates epigenetic events that activate or repress g…
The D614G mutation in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 alters the fitness of the virus, leading to the dominant form observed in …
Versatile genome editing can be facilitated by the insertion of DNA sequences into specific locations. Current protocols involvi…
Glycolipids are prominent components of bacterial membranes that play critical roles not only in maintaining the structural inte…
Lon is an evolutionarily conserved proteolytic machine carrying out a wide spectrum of biological activities by degrading misfol…
Macroautophagy/autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular pathway for the degradation of cytoplasmic materials. Unde…
The surface polysacharide arabinomannan (AM) and related glycolipid lipoarabinomannan (LAM) play critical roles in tuberculosis …
The Lon AAA+ (adenosine triphosphatases associated with diverse cellular activities) protease (LonA) converts ATP-fuelled confor…
Plant diseases are important issues in agriculture, and the development of effective and environment-friendly means of disease c…
The biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a key immunomodulatory molecule produced by gram-negative bacteria, has been a top…
Natural killer (NK) cells are potent innate immune cells that provide the surveillance and elimination of infected, stressed, an…
Background: Plectranthus amboinicus (Spreng.) is an herb commonly used in folk medicine and food by several Asian countries. The…
The B.1.1.7 variant of SARS-CoV-2 first detected in the UK harbors amino-acid substitutions and deletions in the spike protein t…
Human PUF-A/PUM3 is a RNA and DNA binding protein participating in the nucleolar processing of 7S to 5.8S rRNA. The nucleolar lo…
Meiotic recombination plays dual roles in the evolution and stable inheritance of genomes: Recombination promotes genetic divers…
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves impairment of Aβ clearance. Neprilysin (NEP) is the most efficient Aβ peptidase. E…
The semi-fossil and pit-less Azemiops feae is possibly the most primitive crotalid species. Here, we have cloned and sequenced c…
The emergence of the genotype (G) 2 and re-emergence of the G1 porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has caused severe economic…
Cytosolic lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) bind directly to caspase-4/5/11 through their lipid A moiety, inducing inflammatory caspase…
The sample grids for cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) experiments are usually prepared at a temperature optimal for the storag…
Avocado consumption is associated with numerous health benefits. Avocadyne is a terminally unsaturated, 17-carbon long acetogeni…
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-interacting protein with a forkhead-associated domain (TIFA), a key regulator o…
The central dogma of biology does not allow for the study of glycans using DNA sequencing. We report a liquid glycan array (LiGA…
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) recognizes various protein ligands; however, the protein-TLR4 binding model is unclear. Here we demo…
Proteins with sequence or structure similar to those of di-Zn exopeptidases are usually classified as the M28-family enzymes, in…
Searching for new antimicrobials is a pressing issue to conquer the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and fungi. A…
The outbreak of coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has…
d-glycero-d-manno-Heptose-1β,7-bisphosphate (HBP) is a bacterial metabolite that can induce a TIFA-dependent innate immune respo…
Enterococcus faecalis, a member of the commensal flora in the human gastrointestinal tract, has become a threatening nosocomial …
Background: Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) first appeared in the city of Wuhan, in the Hubei province of China. Since its eme…
Background: Tristetraprolin (TTP) family proteins contain conserved tandem CCCH zinc-finger binding to AU-rich elements and C-te…
Trigger factor (TF) is a highly conserved multi-domain molecular chaperone that exerts its chaperone activity at the ribosomal t…
Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) seeds are rich in proteins and are considered to be a beneficial source of plant proteins. In t…
MJ0366 from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii is the smallest topologically knotted protein known to date. 92 residues in length, MJ…
The conserved bilateral habenular nuclei (HA) in vertebrate diencephalon develop into compartmentalized structures containing ne…
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2),…
Knots have attracted scientists in mathematics, physics, biology, and engineering. Long flexible thin strings easily knot and ta…
During August 2020, we carried out a serological survey among students and employees at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Tec…
Sialic acid (SA) on the surface of cells is indispensable in numerous physiological and pathological processes, and sensitive an…
Primary metabolism in cyanobacteria is built on the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle, oxidative pentose phosphate (OPP) pathway…
The Lon AAA+ protease (LonA) is a ubiquitous ATP-dependent proteolytic machine, which selectively degrades damaged proteins or n…
Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is a picornavirus with potency in selectively infecting and lysing cancerous cells. The cellular recep…
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles as they continuously undergo fission and fusion. These dynamic processes conduct not only mi…
Redox-dependent inactivation of deubiquitinases (DUBs) is a critical factor for attenuating their DUB activity in response to ce…
Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM)-based structure determination of small proteins is hindered by the technical challenges assoc…
The dynamic assembly of the cell wall is key to the maintenance of cell shape during bacterial growth. Here, we present a method…
Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) provides structural context to molecular mechanisms underlying biological processes. Although…
Partially acetylated chito-oligosaccharides (paCOSs) are bioactive compounds with potential medical applications. Their biologic…
Coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has claim…
Mutations in the human ALS2 gene ca juvenile-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and related motor neuron diseases. Although the…
Meleagrin B is a terpene-alkaloid hybrid natural product that contains both the conidiogenone and meleagrin scaffold. Their deri…
Irinotecan inhibits cell proliferation and thus is used for the primary treatment of colorectal cancer. Metabolism of irinotecan…
Genome editing is a powerful technique for delineating complex signaling circuitry and enhancing the functionality of immune cel…
Collagen is a major structural component of the extracellular matrix and connective tissue. The key structural feature of collag…
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy are two major quality control processes whose impairment is linked to a wide…
Sialic acid (Sia)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 7 (Siglec-7) is an inhibitory receptor primarily expressed on natural kille…
The formation of succinimide in proteins has attracted considerable attention in protein aging and biopharmaceutical research. T…
Most eukaryotes possess two RecA-like recombinases (ubiquitous Rad51 and meiosis-specific Dmc1) to promote interhomolog recombin…
Human mitochondrial NAD(P)+-dependent malic enzyme (ME2) is well recognized to associate with cancer cell metabolism, and the si…
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a potent pleiotropic cytokine playing a central role in protecting cells from microbial pathogen infec…
The role of protein stabilization in cortical development remains poorly understood. A recessive mutation in the USP11 gene is f…
The piRNA pathway is a highly conserved mechanism to repress transposon activation in the germline in Drosophila and mammals. Th…
Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of the diarrheal disease cholera, for which biofilm communities are considered to be envi…
Nodal signaling is essential for mesoderm and endoderm formation, as well as neural plate induction and establishment of left-ri…
The infectious SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19, which is now a global pandemic. Aiming for effective treatments, we focused on the ke…
Degradation and collapse of stalled replication forks are main sources of genomic instability, yet the molecular mechanisms for …
The arabinogalactan of Corynebacterianeae is a critical heteropolysaccharide that tethers outer membrane mycolic acids to peptid…
Bacterial wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are synthesized intracellularly and exported by a two-component transporter, TagGH, compris…
Both high-fidelity and mismatch-tolerant recombination, catalyzed by RAD51 and DMC1 recombinases, respectively, are indispensabl…
To circumvent the devastating pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, a human…
Background: The accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages, foam cells, within sub-endothelial intima is a key feature of early ath…
Chemical investigation of the marine soft coral Sarcophyton tenuispiculatum resulted in the isolation of a 1,4-dihydrobenzoquino…
Isoprenoids, also known as terpenes or terpenoids, represent a large family of natural products composed of five-carbon isopente…
Altered glycosylations, which are associated with expression and activities of glycosyltransferases, can dramatically affect the…
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are essential epigenetic and post-translational regulators in eukaryotic organisms. …
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), including its variant Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), is an acute peripheral neuropathy that involv…
Synthesis of type I LacNAc (Galβ1 → 3GlcNAc) oligosaccharides usually suffers from low yields. We herein report the efficient sy…
Reactivation of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) expression by therapeutic agents has been suggested as an alternative treatment to modula…
TAT (48–60) is a tridecapeptide from the envelope protein of HIV that was previously shown to possess cell-penetrating propertie…
Chaperonin-containing TCP-1 (CCT) is a chaperonin composed of eight subunits that participates in intracellular protein folding.…
Uropathogenic E scherichia coli (UPEC) is the most common pathogen of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Antibiotic therapy is the…
Glucuronoxylomannan (AAPS) from the edible wood ear mushroom Auricularia auricula-judae has been demonstrated to exhibit immunos…
Ligand 1 was the first reported example of monomeric high-affinity synthetic CD22 ligand that regulated B cell activation in vit…
Synaptic vesicle (SV) endocytosis is coupled to exocytosis to maintain SV pool size and thus neurotransmitter release. Intense s…
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causal agent of COVID 19, continues to evolve since its first …
Acinetobacter baumannii is a prevalent pathogen that can rapidly acquire resistance to antibiotics. Indeed, multidrug-resistant …
Pseudaminic acid (Pse), a unique carbohydrate in surface-associated glycans of pathogenic bacteria, has pivotal roles in virulen…
Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus-1 (PBCV-1) is a large double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus that infects the unicellular green a…
Ubiquitination is a versatile posttranslational modification that elicits signaling roles to impact on various cellular processe…
BACKGROUND. Inadequate tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics are a major hurdle in the reduction of disease burden, and accurate point-o…
Borneol is a bicyclic plant monoterpene. It can be degraded by soil microorganisms through the conversion of borneol dehydrogena…
Neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) govern efficient neuronal communication with muscle cells, relying on proper architecture of spec…
Peroxisomes perform beta-oxidation of branched and very-long chain fatty acids, which leads to the formation of reactive oxygen …
D-Glycero-D-manno-heptose-1β,7-bisphosphate (HBP) and D-glycero-D-manno-heptose-1β-phosphate (H1P) are bacterial metabolites tha…
Ubiquitination and SUMOylation of protein are crucial for various biological responses. The recent unraveling of cross-talk betw…
Prion protein amyloid aggregates are associated with infectious neurodegenerative diseases, known as transmissible spongiform en…
Extracellular particles (EPs) including extracellular vesicles (EVs) and exomeres play significant roles in diseases and therape…
Protein phosphorylation can induce signal transduction to change sperm motility patterns during sperm capacitation. However, cha…
Chloroviruses produce a capsid protein containing N-linked glycans differing in structure from those found in all other organism…
Objectives: Diets may alter an individual's metabolism and inflammation, collectively leading to the modulation of cardiovascula…
The tripartite motif-containing protein 28 (TRIM28) is a transcription corepressor, interacting with histone deacetylase and met…
Two systems of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), noncleavable H32-DM1 and cleavable H32-VCMMAE, were developed by using different…
In protein engineering and synthetic biology, Methanosarcina mazei pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase (MmPylRS), with its cognate tRNAPy…
Tracking DNA double strand break (DSB) repair is paramount for the understanding and therapeutic development of various diseases…
Overcoming resistance to bioactive small molecules is a significant challenge for health care and agriculture. As a result, effo…
Microcephalin 1 (MCPH1) was identified from genetic mutations in patients with primary autosomal recessive microcephaly. In resp…
Life does not sustain without water. For water, there is a natural abundance of stable isotope hydrogen and oxygen. Water molecu…
The undecaprenyl pyrophosphate phosphatase (UppP) is an integral membrane pyrophosphatase. In bacteria, UppP catalyzes the depho…
Chemical examination from the cultured soft coral Sarcophyton digitatum resulted in the isolation and structural identification …
We developed micro-liquid enclosure arrays (MLEAs) for holding solution samples in coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) using x-ra…
Methanol, being electron rich and derivable from methane or CO2, is a potentially renewable one-carbon (C1) feedstock for microo…
Changes in mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission) are known to occur during stem cell differentiation; however, the role of…
The influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) and coronavirus spike (S) protein mediate virus entry. HA and S proteins are heavily glyc…
Covid-19 is caused by a novel form of coronavirus for which there are currently no vaccines or anti-viral drugs. This virus, ter…
The 1,3-enyne moiety is commonly found in cyclohexanoid natural products produced by endophytic and plant pathogenic fungi. Aspe…
Macrophage glycosylation is essential to initiate the host-immune defense but may also be targeted by pathogens to promote infec…
PHRF1 (PHD and RING finger domain-containing protein 1) suppresses acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) by promoting TGIF (TG-inte…
Linker design is crucial to the success of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). In this work, we developed a modular linker format f…
Arabinosyltransferase B (EmbB) belongs to a family of membrane-bound glycosyltransferases that build the lipidated polysaccharid…
Background: Aberrant fucosylation plays a critical role in lung cancer progression. Nevertheless, the key fucosyltransferase wit…
PHRF1 is involved in transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling to constrain the formation of acute promyelocytic leukemia (…
During the microbial degradation of borneol, a bicyclic plant monoterpene, it is first converted into camphor by borneol dehydro…
Methanosarcina mazei pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase (PylRS) and its cognate tRNA have been evolved to generate genetically encoded n…
Although recent advances in mass spectrometry (MS) have enabled meaningful glycoproteomic undertakings, many technical limitatio…
Immunotherapies targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoints…
Metastasis, the movement of cancer cells from one site to another, is responsible for the highest number of cancer deaths, espec…
Dmc1 recombinases are essential to homologous recombination in meiosis. Here, we studied the kinetics of the nucleoprotein filam…
Mitochondrial aging, which results in mitochondrial dysfunction, is strongly linked to many age-related diseases. Aging is assoc…
Natural killer (NK) cells are an attractive cell-type for adoptive immunotherapy, but challenges in preparation of therapeutic p…
Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis, a disease that kills over 1 million people each year. Its cell envelope is a com…
We have developed enabling techniques for sulfoglycomics based on MALDI-MS mapping and MS/MS sequencing of permethylated sulfate…
Sulfated glycans are barely detectable in routine mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycomic analysis due to ion suppression by the s…
Selective inhibitors of gut bacterial β-glucuronidases (GUSs) are of particular interest in the prevention of xenobiotic-induced…
Death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1, DAPk, DAPK) is known for its involvement in apoptosis and autophagy-associated cell de…
Organelle-specific delivery systems are of significant clinical interest. We demonstrate the common cyanine dyes Cy3 and Cy5 as…
Siglecs are transmembrane receptor-like vertebrate lectins that recognize glycans containing sialic acid. Most Siglecs also inte…
(-)-Aurantioclavine (1), which contains a characteristic seven-membered ring fused to an indole ring, belongs to the azepinoindo…
The Methanosarcina mazei pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase (PylRS)⋅tRNAPyl pair can be used to incorporate non-canonical amino acids (n…
The synthesis of a library of bacterial phosphoglycolipid, PGL-1, is described. Key features of the synthesis include regioselec…
Aims: The myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is almost inevitable since reperfusion is the only established treatment…
Helicobacter pylori, the most common etiologic agent of gastric diseases including gastric cancer, is auxotrophic for cholestero…
Siglecs are a family of transmembrane receptor-like glycan-recognition proteins expressed primarily on leukocytes. Majority of S…
Precise noncoding RNA (ncRNA)-based network prediction is necessary to reveal ncRNA functions and pathological mechanisms. Here,…
X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) opened up a possibility for molecular-scale single particle imaging (SPI) without the need fo…
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is an effector delivery system used by Gram-negative bacteria to kill other bacteria or euka…
Cellulosomes, which are multienzyme complexes from anaerobic bacteria, are considered nature's finest cellulolytic machinery. Th…
Knotted proteins are some of the most fascinating examples of how linear polypeptide chains can achieve intricate topological ar…
Environmental cues such as nutrients alter cellular behaviors by acting on a wide array of molecular sensors inside cells. Of em…
Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) is an alphacoronavirus that causes a nearly 100% mortality rate without effective tre…
WD40 proteins control many cellular processes via protein interactions. Drosophila Wuho (Wh, a WD40 protein) controls fertility,…
Antiviral drug resistance in influenza infections has been a major threat to public health. To develop a broad-spectrum inhibito…
Background: Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is widely used in industry and medicine. Anti-PEG antibodies have been developed for chara…
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is used by many bacteria to engage in social behavior and can affect the health of its host …
Cullin 3 (Cul3) family of ubiquitin ligases comprises three components, the RING finger protein RBX1, the Cul3 scaffold, and a B…
Siglec-15 is a member of the Siglec family of glycan-recognition proteins, primarily expressed on a subset of myeloid cells. Sig…
Galectins are β-galactoside-binding animal lectins primarily found in the cytosol, while their carbohydrate ligands are mainly d…
Protein functions are temperature-dependent, but protein structures are usually solved at a single (often low) temperature beca …
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide due to metastasis. Paraspeckle component 1 (PSPC1) up…
Aculenes are a unique class of norsequiterpenes (C14 ) that are produced by Aspergillus aculeatus. The nordaucane skeleton in ac…
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of axial inflammation. Over time, some patients develop spinal ankylosis and permanent dis…
Background: To produce second-generation biofuels, enzymatic catalysis is required to convert cellulose from lignocellulosic bio…
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a cellular process in which cytosolic contents are degraded by lysosome in response to various stres…
Cancer cell migration plays a crucial role during the metastatic process. Reversible tyrosine phosphorylation by protein tyrosin…
Autotrophic plants have evolved distinctive mechanisms for maintaining a range of homeostatic states for sugars. The on/off swit…
Autophagy is a major degradation pathway that utilizes lysosome hydrolases to degrade cellular constituents and is often induced…
Sialosides containing (oligo-)N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc, Galβ(1,4)GlcNAc) as core structure are known to serve as ligands for …
The utilization of immuno-magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for the selective capture, enrichment, and separation of specific glycop…
The NIH-funded center for autophagy research named Autophagy, Inflammation, and Metabolism (AIM) Center of Biomedical Research E…
As cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming in the course of tumorigenesis, targeting energy metabolism represents a promisi…
The BH3-only pro-apoptotic protein BIK is regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. However, the mechanism of this regulatio…
Background: Based on traditional and folk medicine, mushrooms have been developed into anti-cancer therapeutics. In this ar…
Sialic acids are typically added to the end of glycoconjugates by sialyltransferases. Among the six ST8 α-N-acetyl-neuraminide α…
Sialic-acid-binding, immunoglobulin-type lectin-7 (Siglec-7) is present on the surface of natural killer cells. Siglec-7 shows p…
Carboxyl (C)-terminal processing proteases (CTPs) participate in protective and regulatory proteolysis in bacteria. The PDZ doma…
YbeA from E. coli is a trefoil-knotted SpoU-TrmD (SPOUT) RNA methyltransferase. While its knotted motif plays a key functional r…
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that manifests with movement dysfunction. The expression of mutant Hun…
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) catalyze the methyl transfer to the arginine residues of protein substrates and are …
A group of prenyltransferases catalyze chain elongation of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to designated lengths via consecutive cond…
Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is known to mediate glutamate excitotoxicity in neurological diseases. However, …
Metastasis is responsible for most cancer mortality, but its molecular mechanism has not been completely understood. In addition…
Aims: The coordination of neurons to execute brain functions requires plenty of oxygen. Thus, it is not surprising that the chro…
Laccases that are tolerant to organic solvents are powerful bio-catalysts with broad applications in biotechnology. Most of thes…
Cancer stemness drives tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, recurrence, and therapy resistance. However, mechanisms that p…
Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent the majority of cellular transcripts and play pivotal roles in hematopoiesi…
It was reported in 1995 that T7 and Taq DNA polymerases possess 3'-esterase activity, but without follow-up studies. Here we rep…
Real-time tracking of membrane proteins is essential to gain an in-depth understanding of their dynamics on the cell surface. Ho…
Prion diseases are transmissible fatal neurodegenerative disorders affecting humans and other mammals. The disease transmission …
Chromoproteins are a good source of engineered biological tools. We previously reported the development of a blue fluorescent pr…
Recent advances in mass spectrometry has empowered unbiased global analysis of site-specific O-GalNAc glycosylation. Despite tho…
Recent research on the structure and mechanism of DNA polymerases has continued to generate fundamentally important features, in…
Activation of tumor suppressors for the treatment of human cancer has been a long sought, yet elusive, strategy. PTEN is a criti…
The purpose of study was to explore the role of glutamine-dependent anaplerosis in cell fate determination (proliferation and se…
Quantifying the density and locating the position of antigens on cell surface has been a challenge in molecular biology research…
Objective: We aimed to understand the role of the tyrosine phosphatase PTPN14-which in cancer cells modulates the Hippo pathway …
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis is maintained at a higher level in cancer cells, which promotes tumorigenesis. Oxidati…
For many, "DNA mimic protein" (DMP) remains an unfamiliar term. The key feature of these proteins is their DNA-like shape and ch…
Heterogeneous distribution of components in the biological membrane is critical in the process of cell polarization. However, li…
While cryo-EM is revolutionizing structural biology, its impact on enzymology is yet to be fully demonstrated. The ketol-acid re…
Our capability to visualize protein complexes such as RNA polymerase II (pol II) by single-molecule imaging techniques has large…
Secondary metabolites (SM) produced by fungi and bacteria have long been of exceptional interest owing to their unique biomedica…
The T cell Ig and mucin domain (TIM) proteins inhibit release of HIV-1 and other enveloped viruses by interacting with cell- and…
Influenza is a contagious acute respiratory disease caused by the influenza virus infection. Hemagglutinin (HA) is an important …
Cells govern their homeostasis through autophagy by sequestering substrates, ranging from proteins to aggregates and organelles,…
The rice SUB1A-1 gene, which encodes a group VII ethylene response factor (ERFVII), plays a pivotal role in rice survival under …
This work reports the one-pot enzymatic cascade that completely converts l-arabinose to l-ribulose using four reactions catalyze…
Topologically knotted proteins are tantalizing examples of how polypeptide chains can explore complex free energy landscapes to …
Plant lignocellulosic biomass can be enzymatically degraded and converted into biofuel. We have studied a bifunctional cellulase…
Galectin-8, a beta-galactoside-binding lectin, is upregulated in the gastric tissues of rhesus macaques infected with Helicobact…
The catalysis by DNA polymerases has been thought for decades to go through a two-metal-ion mechanism `Fig. 1(a)`, involving Met…
The mammalian mono-α2,8-sialyltransferase ST8Sia VI has been shown to catalyze the transfer of a unique sialic acid residues ont…
The Basidiomycota, also called club fungi, comprise a diverse group of fungi. Basidiomycota are strongly related to ecosystem fu…
Dynamic processes such as fusion, fission, and trafficking are important in the regulation of cellular organelles, with an abund…
A general strategy for the diverse synthesis of ten disaccharide aminoglycosides, including natural 2-trehalosamine (1), 3-treha…
Human tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor (TRAF)-interacting protein, with a forkhead-associated domain (TIFA), is …
Endoglucanase CtCel9Q is one of the enzyme components of the cellulosome, which is an active cellulase system in the thermophile…
Prodigiosin is an intensely red pigment comprising three pyrroles. The biosynthetic pathway includes a two-step proline oxidatio…
The incidences of primary, pyrogenic liver abscess complicated by meningitis and septic endophthalmitis caused by Klebsiella pne…
Polyamines, often elevated in cancer cells, have been shown to promote cell growth and proliferation. Whether polyamines regulat…
Genomes are constantly in flux, undergoing changes due to recombination, repair and mutagenesis. In vivo, many of such changes a…
One can utilize light illumination to stimulate mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production through the mitochondria-speci…
HER2-ECD (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 - extracellular domain) is a prominent therapeutic target validated for treat…
Migration of placental extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells into uterine decidua facilitates the establishment of blood circulat…
Human sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 14 (Siglec-14) is a glycan-recognition protein that is expressed on myeloid…
The Z-DNA binding domain (Zα), derived from the human RNA editing enzyme ADAR1, can induce and stabilize the Z-DNA conformation.…